Module # 1
Introduction to Computer System
Basics
Objectives:
v Computer?
v Benefits?
v Basic terms?
v Types?
Ø Used for daily routine task to perform in easy way
Ø Time saving
·
Secure
·
Data
storage (safe) (Books data)
Input, Output,
Software, Hardware, Internet
Input: Giving data to computer i.e.; keyboard, mouse, scanner.
Output: Getting data from computer i.e.; printer, monitor, speaker.
Computer
processing: Input Output Processing
Storage: Getting and then saving info at same place i.e.; memory card, CD,
DVD, Hard disk, RAM, ROM.
Hardware: Human can touch i.e.; All io/ou and storage devices are HW
devices.
Software: Commands though which computer can use its HW
Can’t touch
i.e.; garnering ID card
1 Super computers
2 Mainframe
3 Servers
4 Microcomputers
5 Game Consoles
6 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
7 Embedded computers
v Mas fast
o
Perform
one task at a time (Accuracy)
o
Very
powerful + expensive
o
Titan
v Smaller than super computers
o
Slower
then super
o
Store
large data + Expensive
o
Used
in (PIA, Banks) in Pak
v Slower then mainframe Com.
o
Basic
purpose is to control the access of HW, SW, Internet
v PC (Personal Computer)
o
Used
in offices, schools, home. Etc.
o
Slower
and cheaper than others
o
IBM,
Dell, HP, Apple. Etc.
v Computing devices used for playing games (one or more people)
o
Portable
devices
o
MS_XBOX
360
o
Nintendo__
Wii
o
Sony__
PS4
v Laptop, Notebook, Mobile
o
Smartphones
o
EBook
reader
o
Digital
Cameras
v Used as a component in some devices
o
Part
of a large product
o
Low
computing power
o
DVD Players,
photocopy machine
Hardware
Objectives:
o
Computer
Hardware?
o
Components
and their parts?
o
Components
and their functions?
v CPU (System unit)
INSIDE
·
Login/
logout button
·
CD/DVD
Drive button
·
USB
/ Flash disk button (USB Ports)
·
Sockets
(Power connector, serial ports, parallel port, pin sockets [Speaker])
v CPU (System unit)
OUTSIDE
·
Power
supply
·
Motherboard
(Interface cards)
·
(Sound
card, network card)
·
Processor
·
RAM
Chips
Other input devices
Objectives:
v Microphone is used to store sounds
(used to input sound in Com.)
v Scanner is used to store images in
SW copy
v Webcam and digital cameras are used
to store video in Com.
Input__ Keyboard Basics
Objectives:
v Keyboard?
v Key?
v Functions of Keys?
Ø Input data in Com. Though keys
Ø Process of key processing Key Stroke
Ø Keyboard overview:
1 Alphabet Keys
2 Numeric
3 Special
4 Esc (Escape Key)
5 Function Keys: (F1, F2, F3)
6 Arrow keys
7 Numeric keypad
8 Other keys
9 Keyboard lights
10 Spacebar key
11 Punctuation Keys
12 Combination Keys: (Enter, Ctrl, Alt, Caps Lock, Shift, Windows,
Tab, Backspace, delete, end, home, page up, [age down, print scrn, scroll lock,
pause/break)
13 Application Key: (Num Lock, Additional navigation and mathematical
operation keys)
Output Introduction
Objectives:
v Introduction?
v Types?
v Devices?
Ø Used to get information from Com.
Ø Multimedia Output: (Soft copy/ Hard copy, Letters, Receipts, Sounds)
Ø Printers, Monitors, Speakers
Ø Printers:
·
Dot
Matrix printer (pins+ ink ribbon+ paper) 1 sec=300 characters
·
Line
printers 1 mint= 1200 lines
·
Laser
printers 1 mint=6 pages (expensive than others)
·
Inkjet
printers (cheaper + works like dot matrix)
Ø Screen displays:
·
CRT
Monitor (Cathode Ray Tube)
·
LCD
Monitor (Liquide crystal display)
·
Multimedia
projectors (works like magnifying glass)
Ø Speakers: used for sound
Software
Objectives:
v Software?
v Types Software?
v Tasks performed by software?
v Version of Software?
Ø Hardware can’t works without Software combination of commands
Ø Versions (variations by time) i.e.; windows
95_______1995
Xp_______2001
Vista______2006
7________2009
8________2012
Ø Types:
Ø System software: Monitors and controls
i.e.; (Operating, Device, System,
Driver)
·
Operating
system: (Handles the whole management)
i.e.; MS windows
·
Device
Drivers: (Manages HW physically)
Ø Utility software: (Maintain the system) i.e.; (Scandisk, Antivirus)
Ø Application software
·
Microsoft
office: Word processing (Insert, delete,
update)
·
Spread
sheet
·
PowerPoint
(MS, PPT, Prezi, slide dog, keynote, slide rocket, images + sound+ video)
Pointing Devices
Objectives:
v Computer mouse?
v Functions?
v Other pointing devices?
Ø Buttons: Right mouse button, Left mouse button
Ø Clicking and double clicking
Ø Right clicking
Ø Left clicking
Ø Dragging
Ø Trackpad
Ø Trackball
Storage
Objectives:
v Computer Storage?
v Types??
v Storage Devices?
Ø Process of storing data
Ø Primary Storage Devices:
·
Motherboard
·
ROM
(Read only memory)
·
Permanent
memory
·
Info.
Related to Comp. startup
·
RAM (Random
access memory)
·
Temporary
(Sea)
·
Volatile
memory
SIZE OF MEMORY:
1024 bytes = 1 KB
1024 KB = 1 MB
1024 MB = 1 GB
Ø Secondary Storage Devices: Non-Volatile Storage Devices
 |
·
CD
Compact Disk
·
Write
one read many disks (Can’t write again), (used to store important data)
·
Rewriteable
CD’s Also can change and remove data
v Advantages:
ü Can store 650 to 800 MB’s data
ü Tore large data
ü DVD (Digital versatile Disk) First
known as digital video disk storage capacity is larger than other CD’s.
v Storage Capacity:
ü 4.7 GB single sided, single layer
ü 8.5 GB single sided, double layer
ü 9.4 GB double sided, single layer
ü 17.08 GB double sided, double layer
Ø Other devices:
·
Magnetic
Tap
·
First
store, first read
·
Large
storage capacity
·
Stay
away from strong magnet
Information Superhighway
Objectives:
v Internet?
v Available Services?
v www email?
v How to access internet?
Ø Connection b/w different Networks is called internet
Ø ISP’s (Internet services provider)
Ø www (world wide web)
Ø URL (Uniform resource locator)
Ø Access: (Connect to internet, open browser and enter URL)
Ø Email. (Electronic mail) Password (Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Outlook)
Email clients
Computer Security
Objectives:
v Computer Security?
v Security Risk
Ø Security Risk
·
Hardware
theft
·
Virus
(Antivirus) Solution
·
Unauthorized
access
·
Data
is Corrupted / Error (Backup) Solution
·
Software
Privacy
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